j.kNf];thp
Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh;
ghujpahh;
gy;fiyf;fofk;
Nfhak;Gj;J}h;
,uhkypq;f mbfspd; tho;f;iff; Fwpg;Gfs;
,uhkypq;fu; njd;dhw;fhL khtl;lk; -
rpjk;guj;jpw;F mUfpy; cs;s kUJ}u; vd;w rpw;W}upy; gpwe;jtu;. ,tu; jk; ngw;Nwhu;
,uhikah gps;is> rpd;dk;ikahu; Mthu;. ,tu; jk; ngw;NwhUf;F Ie;jhtJ kfdhf
1823-k; Mz;L gpwe;jhu;. ,tu; tho;e;j ,lk; kw;Wk; jd;;ikapd; mbg;gilapy; tlY}u;
ts;syhH vd;Wk;> ,uhkypq;f mbfs; vd;Wk;> jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhH vd;Wk;
Rthkpfs; vd;Wk; gyuhy; miof;fg;gl;lhH.
,tH fhQ;rpGuk; rghgjp Kjypahuplk; jkpo;
fw;wjhff; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. ts;syhH jdNfhl;b
vd;w ngz;iz kzk; nra;jhu; vd;Wk; Kjy; ehs; ,utpNyNa mtiug; gpupe;J nrd;whH
vd;Wk; fUj;J cz;L vd m.fh.ngUkhs; - v];.=FkhH vOjpa jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy;
gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
ts;syhupd; tho;tpay; newpfs;:
,uhkypq;f mbfs; jd; thof;if kl;Lkpd;wp cyf
kf;fs; midtUNk Neu;ik> xOf;fk;> xw;Wik> rkurk;> cz;ik Kjyhd
ew;nfhs;iffisg; gpd;gw;wp tho Ntz;Lnkd;W tpUk;gpdhH.
cyf kf;fs; xd;Wgl;l xNu rKjhakhf tho Ntz;Lk;
vd;gNj ,uhkypq;f mbfspd; Nehf;fk; MFk;. ,uhkypq;f mbfs; rKjhaj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLk;
tifapy; gyjug;gl;l rpe;jidfisAk; fUj;JfisAk; Kd;nkhope;Js;shH.
,uhkypq;f mbfshupd; E}y;fs;:-
·
ciueil E}y;fs;:-
1. kDKiw fz;l thrfk;
2. rPtfhUz;a xOf;fk;
·
nra;As; E}y;fs;
1. gps;isr; rpW
tpz;zg;gk;
2. gps;isg; ngU
tpz;zg;gk;
3. rptNer ntz;gh
4. neQ;rwpTWj;jy;
5. kfhNjt khiy
6. ,q;fpj khiy
·
gjpg;gpj;j
E}y;fs;:
1. xoptpnyhLf;fk;
2. njhz;il kz;lyr;
rjfk;
3. rpd;ka jPgpif
,e;E}y;fs;
midj;Jk; ,ize;jNj jpUtUl;gh MFk;.
,uhkypq;f mbfspd; rkag; nghJik:-
,uhkypq;f mbfs; irtnewpapy; Mo;e;j <LghL
nfhz;ltu; vd;whYk; rptd;> KUfd;> tpehafu;> ,uhkd;> ngupaehafp
mk;ik> ,yf;Fkp> fiykfs; vdg; gy nja;tq;fisAk; Nghw;wpg; ghbAs;shu;. rpy
,lq;fspy; ,aw;ifiaNa flTshf Gfo;e;Jk; ghbAs;shH.
“Nfhilapy; ,isg;ghwpf; nfhs;Sk;
tiffpilj;j
FspHjUNt! jUepoNy! epoy;fdpe;j fdpNah!
XilapNy
CWfpd;w jPQ;Ritj; jz;zPNu!
Cfe;j jz;zPu; ,ilkyHe;j Rfe;jkz kyNu!”
vd;W ,aw;ifiag; Nghw;wp jdf;F mUs; nra;a
Ntz;LfpwhH.
“cs;xd;W itj;;;Jg; Gwk; xd;W NgRthh;
cwT
fythik Ntz;Lk;”
vd;W nrd;id fe;jrhkp Nfhapypy;
Fbnfhz;bUf;Fk; KUfid ‘nja;t kzpkhiyapy; Ntz;Lfpd;whh;’.
,uhkypq;f mbfspd; ,yf;fpa <LghL
ts;syhh; jpUf;Fws;> jhAkhdthh;
ghly;fs;> rpj;jh; ghly;fs;> jpUQhdrk;ge;jh; Kjyhd ehy;th; ghly;fs;
,tw;wpd; kPnjy;yhk; kpFe;j <LghL nfhz;bUe;jij mthpd; ghly;fs;top mwpa
KbfpwJ.
,uhkypq;f mbfs; Kjy; jpUKiwapy;>
“jd;idj;jhd;
fhf;fpd; rpdk;fhf;f vd;wjidg; nghd;idg;Nghy; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;jpiyNa!”
vd;w Fws; mikAk;
tz;zk; neQ;rwpTWj;jy; gFjpay; ghbAs;shu;. NkYk; khzpf;fthrfupd; jpUthrfk;>
kPJ kpFe;j <LghL ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy;>
“Njd;fye;J ghy;fye;J nrOq;fdpj;jPQ;
Ritfye;J vd;
Cd;fye;J
capHfye;J ctl;lhky; ,dpg;gJNt”
vd cUfpg;
ghLfpd;whH.
,uhkypq;f mbfspd; rkurg; ghHit:
“Mz;kf;fs;>
ngz;kf;fs; Kjypatu;fsplj;Jk; rhjp> rkak;> Mr;rpukk;> #j;jpuk;>
Nfhj;jpuk;> Fyk;> cau;e;NjhH> jho;e;NjhH> vDk; Ngjk; ePq;fp midtUk;
rkj;jpy; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;” vd;gJ ts;syhhpd; thf;fhFk;.
“vj;JizAk; Ngjk;
cwhJ vt;TapUk;
jk;capu;Nghy;
vz;zp”
vd;Wk;>
“ehy;tUzk;> Mr;rpukk;> Mruhk;
Kjyhk;
etpd;wfiyr; rhpjnkyhk; gps;is tpisNahl;Nl”
vd;Wk;.
“mg;gh! ehd; Ntz;Ljy; Nfl;L mUs;Ghpjy;
Ntz;Lk;
MUapHfl;F
vy;yhk;ehd; md;Gnray; Ntz;Lk;”
vd;Wk; rkurg;
ghHitia Kd;itf;fpwhH.
ts;syhhpd;
rd;khHf;f newp
rj; - cz;ik> khHf;fk; - top rj;khHf;fk;
vd;w tlnkhopj; njhlNu rd;khHf;fk; vdj; jkpohfp rkurk; vd;w nrhy; NrHe;J rkur
Rj;j rd;khHf;fk; MdJ.
“rd;khHf;f rq;fj;ijr; rhHe;jpLkpd;!
Rj;jpak;> ePH;
ed;khHf;fk; NrHtPH ,e;ehs;”
vd;Wk;>
“gd;khHf;fk; vy;yhk; giraw;W
xope;jdNt
rd;khHf;fk; xd;Nw jioj;jJNt”
vd;Wk; gy
khHf;fq;fSs; rpwe;jJ rd;khHf;fNk vd epWTfpd;whh;.
,iwtid Nrhjpahff;
fhZjy;:-
ts;syhH ‘mUl;ngUQ;Nrhjp’ tbtpNyNa ,iwtidf;
fhz;fpwhH
“MjpAk; eLTk; me;jKk; vy;yhk;
mUl;ngUk; Nrhjp vd;W mwpe;Njd;
Xjpa
midj;Jk; ePmwpe; jJjhd;
ciug;gJ
vd;? mbf;fb cdf;Nf
vd;W KjYk; KbTkhf mUl;ngUk;
Nrhjp ,Ug;gijg; gjpT nra;fpd;whh;.
ts;syhhpd; ngz;zpar; rpe;jid:
MZk;> ngz;Zk; rkk;: mtu;fisg; gpupj;J
ghHf;ff;$lhJ
“ngz;zpDs; MZk; MzpDs; ngz;Zk;
mz;Zw
tFj;J mUl;ngUk; Nrhjp”
vdg; gjpT nra;Ak; ts;syhH> tpjit kWkzj;ij Mjhpf;fpwhH.
NkYk;> kJtpyf;F Mjhpg;gtuhfTk;>
rpwhHfis mbj;Jg; gbg;gpf;Fk; Kiwia
“gbg;gJ ed;W vdj;njhpe;j
ghq;Filaha;!
Mbg;gJk;
mr;rpWtHfis mbg;gJk; ed;W
my:
vd;Nky; Miz! Miz!”
vdf;
fz;bg;gtuhfTk; ,Ue;Js;shH.
fPh;j;jid> fz;zp> Fk;kp> rpe;J vdg;
gy tbtq;fisf; ifahz;L jd; ,irg;GyikiaAk; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shh;
ts;syhh; epWtpait:
1. rd;khHf;f rq;fk; - 1865
2. rj;jpa jUkr; rhiy - 1867
3. rpj;jp tshfk; - 1870
4. rj;jpa Qhdrig - 1872
epiwTiu
,uhkypq;f mbfspd; rkag;nghJik> rkur
ghh;it> ,yf;fpa <LghL> rd;khHf;f newp> ngz;zpar; rpe;jid Mfpatw;iw
vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjhf ,f;fl;Liu mike;Js;sJ.
