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j.kNf];thp

Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh;

                             ghujpahh; gy;fiyf;fofk;

Nfhak;Gj;J}h;

,uhkypq;f mbfspd; tho;f;iff; Fwpg;Gfs;

    ,uhkypq;fu; njd;dhw;fhL khtl;lk; - rpjk;guj;jpw;F mUfpy; cs;s kUJ}u; vd;w rpw;W}upy; gpwe;jtu;. ,tu; jk; ngw;Nwhu; ,uhikah gps;is> rpd;dk;ikahu; Mthu;. ,tu; jk; ngw;NwhUf;F Ie;jhtJ kfdhf 1823-k; Mz;L gpwe;jhu;. ,tu; tho;e;j ,lk; kw;Wk; jd;;ikapd; mbg;gilapy; tlY}u; ts;syhH vd;Wk;> ,uhkypq;f mbfs; vd;Wk;> jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhH vd;Wk; Rthkpfs; vd;Wk; gyuhy; miof;fg;gl;lhH.

    ,tH fhQ;rpGuk; rghgjp Kjypahuplk; jkpo; fw;wjhff;  $wg;gLfpd;wJ. ts;syhH jdNfhl;b vd;w ngz;iz kzk; nra;jhu; vd;Wk; Kjy; ehs; ,utpNyNa mtiug; gpupe;J nrd;whH vd;Wk; fUj;J cz;L vd m.fh.ngUkhs; - v];.=FkhH vOjpa jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

ts;syhupd; tho;tpay; newpfs;:

    ,uhkypq;f mbfs; jd; thof;if kl;Lkpd;wp cyf kf;fs; midtUNk Neu;ik> xOf;fk;> xw;Wik> rkurk;> cz;ik Kjyhd ew;nfhs;iffisg; gpd;gw;wp tho Ntz;Lnkd;W tpUk;gpdhH.

    cyf kf;fs; xd;Wgl;l xNu rKjhakhf tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,uhkypq;f mbfspd; Nehf;fk; MFk;. ,uhkypq;f mbfs; rKjhaj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLk; tifapy; gyjug;gl;l rpe;jidfisAk; fUj;JfisAk; Kd;nkhope;Js;shH.

,uhkypq;f mbfshupd; E}y;fs;:-

·        ciueil E}y;fs;:-

1.   kDKiw fz;l thrfk;

2.   rPtfhUz;a xOf;fk;

·        nra;As; E}y;fs;

1.   gps;isr; rpW tpz;zg;gk;

2.   gps;isg; ngU tpz;zg;gk;

3.   rptNer ntz;gh

4.   neQ;rwpTWj;jy;

5.   kfhNjt khiy

6.   ,q;fpj khiy

·        gjpg;gpj;j E}y;fs;:

1.   xoptpnyhLf;fk;

2.   njhz;il kz;lyr; rjfk;

3.   rpd;ka jPgpif

,e;E}y;fs; midj;Jk; ,ize;jNj jpUtUl;gh MFk;.

,uhkypq;f mbfspd; rkag; nghJik:-

    ,uhkypq;f mbfs; irtnewpapy; Mo;e;j <LghL nfhz;ltu; vd;whYk; rptd;> KUfd;> tpehafu;> ,uhkd;> ngupaehafp mk;ik> ,yf;Fkp> fiykfs; vdg; gy nja;tq;fisAk; Nghw;wpg; ghbAs;shu;. rpy ,lq;fspy; ,aw;ifiaNa flTshf Gfo;e;Jk; ghbAs;shH.

“Nfhilapy; ,isg;ghwpf; nfhs;Sk; tiffpilj;j

    FspHjUNt! jUepoNy! epoy;fdpe;j fdpNah!

XilapNy CWfpd;w jPQ;Ritj; jz;zPNu!

    Cfe;j jz;zPu; ,ilkyHe;j Rfe;jkz kyNu!”

    vd;W ,aw;ifiag; Nghw;wp jdf;F mUs; nra;a Ntz;LfpwhH.

         “cs;xd;W itj;;;Jg; Gwk; xd;W NgRthh;

            cwT fythik Ntz;Lk;”

    vd;W nrd;id fe;jrhkp Nfhapypy; Fbnfhz;bUf;Fk; KUfid ‘nja;t kzpkhiyapy; Ntz;Lfpd;whh;’.

,uhkypq;f mbfspd; ,yf;fpa <LghL

         ts;syhh; jpUf;Fws;> jhAkhdthh; ghly;fs;> rpj;jh; ghly;fs;> jpUQhdrk;ge;jh; Kjyhd ehy;th; ghly;fs; ,tw;wpd; kPnjy;yhk; kpFe;j <LghL nfhz;bUe;jij mthpd; ghly;fs;top mwpa KbfpwJ.

    ,uhkypq;f mbfs; Kjy; jpUKiwapy;>

    “jd;idj;jhd; fhf;fpd; rpdk;fhf;f vd;wjidg; nghd;idg;Nghy; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;jpiyNa!”

vd;w Fws; mikAk; tz;zk; neQ;rwpTWj;jy; gFjpay; ghbAs;shu;. NkYk; khzpf;fthrfupd; jpUthrfk;> kPJ kpFe;j <LghL ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy;>

    “Njd;fye;J ghy;fye;J nrOq;fdpj;jPQ; Ritfye;J vd;

    Cd;fye;J capHfye;J ctl;lhky; ,dpg;gJNt”

vd cUfpg; ghLfpd;whH.

,uhkypq;f mbfspd; rkurg; ghHit:

    “Mz;kf;fs;> ngz;kf;fs; Kjypatu;fsplj;Jk; rhjp> rkak;> Mr;rpukk;> #j;jpuk;> Nfhj;jpuk;> Fyk;> cau;e;NjhH> jho;e;NjhH> vDk; Ngjk; ePq;fp midtUk; rkj;jpy; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;” vd;gJ ts;syhhpd; thf;fhFk;.

    “vj;JizAk; Ngjk; cwhJ vt;TapUk;

        jk;capu;Nghy; vz;zp”

vd;Wk;>

    “ehy;tUzk;> Mr;rpukk;> Mruhk; Kjyhk;

     etpd;wfiyr; rhpjnkyhk; gps;is tpisNahl;Nl”

vd;Wk;.

    “mg;gh! ehd; Ntz;Ljy; Nfl;L mUs;Ghpjy; Ntz;Lk;

    MUapHfl;F vy;yhk;ehd; md;Gnray; Ntz;Lk;”

vd;Wk; rkurg; ghHitia Kd;itf;fpwhH.

ts;syhhpd; rd;khHf;f newp

    rj; - cz;ik> khHf;fk; - top rj;khHf;fk; vd;w tlnkhopj; njhlNu rd;khHf;fk; vdj; jkpohfp rkurk; vd;w nrhy; NrHe;J rkur Rj;j rd;khHf;fk; MdJ.

    “rd;khHf;f rq;fj;ijr; rhHe;jpLkpd;! Rj;jpak;> ePH;

     ed;khHf;fk; NrHtPH ,e;ehs;”

vd;Wk;>

    “gd;khHf;fk; vy;yhk; giraw;W xope;jdNt

     rd;khHf;fk; xd;Nw jioj;jJNt”

vd;Wk; gy khHf;fq;fSs; rpwe;jJ rd;khHf;fNk vd epWTfpd;whh;.

,iwtid Nrhjpahff; fhZjy;:-

    ts;syhH ‘mUl;ngUQ;Nrhjp’ tbtpNyNa ,iwtidf; fhz;fpwhH

    “MjpAk; eLTk; me;jKk; vy;yhk;

        mUl;ngUk; Nrhjp vd;W mwpe;Njd;

    Xjpa midj;Jk; ePmwpe; jJjhd;  

        ciug;gJ vd;? mbf;fb cdf;Nf

vd;W KjYk; KbTkhf mUl;ngUk; Nrhjp ,Ug;gijg; gjpT nra;fpd;whh;.

ts;syhhpd; ngz;zpar; rpe;jid:

    MZk;> ngz;Zk; rkk;: mtu;fisg; gpupj;J ghHf;ff;$lhJ

             “ngz;zpDs; MZk; MzpDs; ngz;Zk;

            mz;Zw tFj;J mUl;ngUk; Nrhjp”

    vdg; gjpT nra;Ak; ts;syhH>    tpjit kWkzj;ij Mjhpf;fpwhH.

         NkYk;> kJtpyf;F Mjhpg;gtuhfTk;> rpwhHfis mbj;Jg; gbg;gpf;Fk; Kiwia

    “gbg;gJ ed;W vdj;njhpe;j ghq;Filaha;!

    Mbg;gJk; mr;rpWtHfis mbg;gJk; ed;W

        my: vd;Nky; Miz! Miz!”

vdf; fz;bg;gtuhfTk; ,Ue;Js;shH.

    fPh;j;jid> fz;zp> Fk;kp> rpe;J vdg; gy tbtq;fisf; ifahz;L jd; ,irg;GyikiaAk; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shh;

ts;syhh; epWtpait:

1.   rd;khHf;f rq;fk;       -    1865

2.   rj;jpa jUkr; rhiy    -    1867

3.   rpj;jp tshfk;         -    1870

4.   rj;jpa Qhdrig       -    1872

epiwTiu

    ,uhkypq;f mbfspd; rkag;nghJik> rkur ghh;it> ,yf;fpa <LghL> rd;khHf;f newp> ngz;zpar; rpe;jid Mfpatw;iw vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjhf ,f;fl;Liu mike;Js;sJ.